Transportation and Mobility Research
Battery Microstructure Li-Ion Cathode and Anode Data Samples

Battery Microstructure Li-Ion Cathode and Anode Data Samples

Download Li-Ion nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathode and graphite anode electrode samples, calendered and uncalendered with different loadings. They include both grey-level and segmented three-dimensional volumes.

For full information about these samples, see Resolving the Discrepancy in Tortuosity Factor Estimation for Li-ion Battery Electrodes through Micro-Macro Modeling and Experiment. The study was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Computer-Aided Engineering for Electric-Drive Vehicle Batteries (CAEBAT) program. Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL’s) Cell Analysis, Modeling, and Prototyping (CAMP) Facility fabricated the electrodes, University College London performed tomographic imaging, and Purdue University numerically reconstructed the carbon binder domain.

Materials Information
Material	Calendering	Designation	Coating thickness [μm]^a	Pore (Volume fraction ε^b)	Active material (Volume fraction ε^b)	CBD^c (Volume fraction ε^b)	Coating (Density [mg.cm^-2])	Active material (Density [mg.cm^-2])	Active material (Loading [mAh.cm^-2])
NMC	No	1-UNCAL	160	49.1	39.7	11.2	33.09	29.78	8.27
	Yes	1-CAL	129	36.8	49.3	13.9	33.09	29.78	8.27
	No	2-UNCAL	140	51.8	37.6	10.6	27.39	24.65	6.84
	Yes	2-CAL	108	37.5	48.8	13.7	27.39	24.65	6.84
	No	3-UNCAL	106	47.4	41.0	11.6	22.60	20.40	5.66
	Yes	3-CAL	88	36.6	49.5	13.9	22.60	20.40	5.66
	Yes	4-CAL	34	33.5	51.9	14.6	9.17	8.25	2.29
Graphite	No	5-UNCAL	205	50.7	44.6	4.7	21.89	20.1	7.48
	Yes	5-CAL	165	38.8	55.4	5.8	21.89	20.1	7.48
	No	6-UNCAL	173	51.8	43.6	4.6	18.08	16.6	6.17
	Yes	6-CAL	131	36.3	57.7	6.0	18.08	16.6	6.17
	No	7-UNCAL	140	51.4	44.0	4.6	14.70	13.5	5.02
	Yes	7-CAL	110	38.0	56.1	5.9	14.70	13.5	5.02
	Yes	8-CAL	44	38.4	55.8	5.8	5.88	5.51	2.05

^aMeasured with a micrometer. ^bObtained from recipe calculation. ^c Carbon Binder Domain.

Li-Ion Cathode Samples — Toda NMC532

All NMC Volumes Share the Same Voxel Size of 398 x 398 x 398 nm³
Designation	Sample volume dimensions μm³ ^a	Grey level^b,c (raw image: no filtering rotation, cropping)	Segmented^b,c. Label 0 = pore + CBD, label 1 = active material	Segmented^b,c so that ^εlabel 0 = ^εpore	Segmented^b,c. Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material, label 2 = CBD. ω=0.01^d	Segmented^b,c. Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material, label 2 = CBD. ω=0.99^d
1-UNCAL	364.6 × 387.3 × 371.7	TIF 1340 MB
	244.0 × 231.2 × 146.1		TIF 12 MB
	244.0 × 231.2 × 146.1			TIF 12 MB
	100.3 × 100.3 × 100.3				TIF 4 MB
	100.3 × 100.3 × 100.3					TIF 4 MB
1-CAL	367.8 × 387.3 × 237.2	TIF 990 MB
	240.4 × 238.8 × 127.4		TIF 11 MB
	240.4 × 238.8 × 101.9			TIF 9 MB
	100.7 × 100.7 × 100.7				TIF 4 MB
	100.7 × 100.7 × 100.7					TIF 4 MB
2-UNCAL	374.1 × 387.3 × 235.2	TIF 964 MB
	257.1 × 247.2 × 107.9		TIF 10 MB
	257.1 × 247.2 × 84.4			TIF 8 MB
	100.7 × 100.3 × 100.3				TIF 3 MB
	100.7 × 100.3 × 100.3					TIF 4 MB
2-CAL	367.8 × 387.3 × 242.0	TIF 1040 MB
	241.6 × 249.5 × 101.1		TIF 9 MB
	241.6 × 249.5 × 68.1			TIF 6 MB
	100.3 × 100.3 × 100.7				TIF 4 MB
	100.3 × 100.3 × 100.7					TIF 4 MB
3-UNCAL	375.7 × 387.3 × 288.6	TIF 1217 MB
	241.6 × 252.7 × 91.9		TIF 7 MB
	241.6 × 252.7 × 58.1			TIF 5 MB
	104.7 × 104.7 × 91.9				TIF 3 MB
	104.7 × 104.7 × 91.9					TIF 4 MB
3-CAL	375.7 × 387.3 × 179.1	TIF 719 MB
	211.7 × 179.5 × 64.1		TIF 4 MB
	211.7 × 179.5 × 52.1			TIF 3 MB
	125.4 × 125.4 × 64.1				TIF 4 MB
	125.4 × 125.4 × 64.1					TIF 4 MB
4-CAL	375.7 × 387.3 × 136.1	TIF 540 MB
	220.9 × 223.7 × 28.3		TIF 2 MB
	220.9 × 223.7 × 20.7			TIF 2 MB
	188.3 × 188.3 × 28.3				TIF 4 MB
	188.3 × 188.3 × 28.3					TIF 4 MB

Dimensions are ordered such as in-plane dimension 1 × in-plane dimension 2 × through-plane (i.e., along electrode thickness) dimension.

X-ray tomography data reveals only two domains: darker voxels correspond to void and CBD, while brighter voxels correspond to the active material. Volumes have been cropped, rotated, and filtered before segmentation. Note that volumes investigated in the article have been re-cropped to match an identical size for all samples.

3D volume file format is tif and can be visualized for example with ImageJ, an open platform for scientific image analysis available at https://imagej.net/Welcome.

CBD has been numerically generated according to a physics-based algorithm. The so-called morphology parameter ω control the CBD deposition and range from 0 (preferential deposition on active material surface) to 1 (preferential deposition on existing CBD). Volume data with the two ω extremes values are available to download. Note that volumes investigated in the article have been re-cropped slightly to remove the over-representation of CBD at the domain's edge (i.e., edge effect).

Li-ion Anode Samples — Conoco Phillips A12 Graphite

All Graphite Volumes Share the Same Voxel Size of 126 x 126 x 126 nm³
Designation	Sample volume dimensions μm³ ^a	Grey level^b,c (raw image: no filtering rotation, cropping)	Segmented^b,c. Label 0 = pore + CBD, label 1 = active material	Segmented^b,^c so that ^εlabel 0 = ^εpore	Segmented^b,c. Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material, label 2 = CBD. ω=0.01^d	Segmented^b,c. Label 0 = pore, label 1 = active material, label 2 = CBD. ω=0.99^d
5-UNCAL	62.4 × 63.9 × 257.9	TIF 947 MB
	34.0 × 34.0 × 147.7		TIF 11 MB
	34.0 × 34.0 × 144.0			TIF 11 MB
	32.1 × 32.1 × 32.1				TIF 5 MB
	32.1 × 32.1 × 32.1					TIF 5 MB
5-CAL	62.6 × 63.9 × 206.3	TIF 702 MB
	31.6 × 31.2 × 121.1		TIF 8 MB
	31.6 × 31.2 × 121.1			TIF 8 MB
	31.6 × 31.2 × 33.4				TIF 4 MB
	31.6 × 31.2 × 33.4					TIF 4 MB
6-UNCAL	62.5 × 64.5 × 64.1	TIF 245 MB
	35.3 × 31.6 × 51.7		TIF 3 MB
	35.3 × 31.6 × 37.9			TIF 2 MB
	32.4 × 31.6 × 32.4				TIF 5 MB
	32.4 × 31.6 × 32.4					TIF 5 MB
6-CAL	63.0 × 64.5 × 115.2	TIF 408 MB
	38.4 × 30.4 × 73.5		TIF 6 MB
	38.4 × 30.4 × 73.5			TIF 6 MB
	32.9 × 30.4 × 32.9				TIF 5 MB
	32.9 × 30.4 × 32.9					TIF 5 MB
7-UNCAL	62.1 × 64.1 × 164.7	TIF 518 MB
	37.2 × 37.3 × 113.5		TIF 11 MB
	37.2 × 37.3 × 113.5			TIF 10 MB
	32.0 × 32.1 × 32.1				TIF 4 MB
	32.0 × 32.1 × 32.1					TIF 4 MB
7-CAL	61.2 × 62.9 × 142.9	TIF 512 MB
	32.9 × 32.9 × 110.4		TIF 8 MB
	32.9 × 32.9 × 85.3			TIF 6 MB
	32.0 × 32.0 × 32.1				TIF 4 MB
	32.0 × 32.0 × 32.1					TIF 4 MB
8-CAL	63.0 × 64.4 × 85.4	TIF 284 MB
	31.5 × 31.6 × 41.7		TIF 3 MB
	31.5 × 31.6 × 41.7			TIF 3 MB
	31.5 × 31.6 × 33.1				TIF 4 MB
	31.5 × 31.6 × 33.1					TIF 4 MB

Dimensions are ordered such as in-plane dimension 1 × in-plane dimension 2 × through-plane (i.e., along electrode thickness) dimension.

3D volume file format is tif and can be visualized for example with ImageJ, an open platform for scientific image analysis available at https://imagej.net/Welcome.